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                  <text>622 Mining &amp; Related Operations</text>
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                <text>The Delft Sand, Clay &amp; Rock Cutting Model</text>
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                <text> Rock Cutting Model</text>
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                <text>This  book  gives  an  overview  of  cutting  theories  for  the  cutting  of  sand,  clay  and  rock  as  applied  in  dredging engineering. In dredging engineering in general sand, clay and rock are excavated with buckets of bucket ladder dredges, cutter heads of cutter suction dredges, dredging wheels of wheel dredges, drag heads of trailing suction hopper dredges,  clamshells, backhoes and other devices.  Usually the  blades have  a  width  much larger than the layer thickness of the cut (2D process) and the blade angles of these devices are not too large in the range of 30°-60°. Although clamshells and backhoes may have blade angles around 90°when they start cutting. Other devices like drill bits of oil drilling devices,blades of tunnel boring machines,ice berg scour and the bull dozer effect in front  of  a  drag  head  may  have  cutting  angles  larger  than  90°.  In  such  a  case  a  different  cutting mechanismis encountered, the so called wedge mechanism</text>
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                <text>Sape Miedema</text>
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                <text>https://textbooks.open.tudelft.nl/index.php/textbooks/catalog/view/16/31/104-1</text>
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                <text>TU Delft Open</text>
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                <text>Baihaqi</text>
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